operating system

Operating system protection and security explained: protection vs security, threats like trap doors and malware, and how the OS defends itself.

File system management explained: file attributes, access methods, file types, directories, space allocation, and common Windows and Linux file systems.

Disk management in operating systems: disk structure, partitioning, disk scheduling algorithms with an example, RAID levels, bad blocks and SSDs.

The memory hierarchy explained: registers, CPU cache, main memory (RAM), SSDs, hard disks and archive storage, with speeds, sizes and why it works.

Virtual memory explained: how it works with paging and swap, demand paging, pros and cons, virtual vs physical memory, and settings in Windows and Linux.

Paging in operating system explained: pages and frames, address translation, page tables and the TLB, demand paging, page faults and replacement algorithms.

Memory management in operating system explained: address binding, logical vs physical addresses, the MMU, swapping, allocation, fragmentation and paging.

The structure of operating system designs explained: simple, monolithic, layered, microkernel, modular and hybrid kernels, plus virtual machines.

Deadlock in operating system explained: the four Coffman conditions, an example, and how prevention, avoidance, detection and recovery work.

CPU scheduling algorithms explained: FCFS, SJF, SRTF, priority, round robin and multilevel queues, with a worked example and how Linux schedules today.